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1 Townes, Charles Hard
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 28 July 1915 Greenville, South Carolina, USA[br]American physicist who developed the maser and contributed to the development of the laser.[br]Charles H.Townes entered Furman University, Greenville, at the early age of 16 and in 1935 obtained a BA in modern languages and a BS in physics. After a year of postgraduate study at Duke University, he received a master's degree in physics in 1936. He then went on to the California Institute of Technology, where he obtained a PhD in 1939. From 1939 to 1947 he worked at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, mainly on airborne radar, although he also did some work on radio astronomy. In 1948 he joined Columbia University as Associate Professor of Physics and in 1950 was appointed a full professor. He was Director of the University's Radiation Laboratory from 1950 to 1952, and from 1952 to 1955 he was Chairman of the Physics Department.To meet the need for an oscillator generating very short wavelength electromagnetic radiation, Townes in 1951 realized that use could be made of the different natural energy levels of atoms and molecules. The practical application of this idea was achieved in his laboratory in 1953 using ammonia gas to make the device known as a maser (an acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). The maser was developed in the next few years and in 1958, in a joint paper with his brother-in-law Arthur L. Schawlow, Townes suggested the possibility of a further development into optical frequencies or an optical maser, later known as a laser (an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Two years later the first such device was made by Theodore H. Maiman.In 1959 Townes was given leave from Columbia University to serve as Vice-President and Director of Research at the Institute for Defense Analyses until 1961. He was then appointed Provost and Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1967 he became University Professor of Physics at the University of California, where he has extended his research interests in the field of microwave and infra-red astronomy. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American Astronomical Society.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1964. Foreign Member, Royal Society of London. President, American Physical Society 1967. Townes has received many awards from American and other scientific societies and institutions and honorary degrees from more than twenty universities.BibliographyTownes is the author of many scientific papers and, with Arthur L.Schawlow, ofMicrowave Spectroscopy (1955).1980, entry, McGraw-Hill Modern Scientists and Engineers, Part 3, New York, pp. 227– 8 (autobiography).1991, entry, The Nobel Century, London, p. 106 (autobiography).Further ReadingT.Wasson (ed.), 1987, Nobel Prize Winners, New York, pp. 1,071–3 (contains a short biography).RTS -
2 Townes, Charles Hard
(р. 1915) Таунс, Чарлз ХардФизик. Работал в лабораториях компании "Белл телефон" [Bell Telephone Laboratories, Bell Telephone Co.] (1939-47), преподавал в Колумбийском университете [ Columbia University] (1948-61), в Массачусетском технологическом институте [ Massachusetts Institute of Technology] (1961-66) и в Калифорнийском университете в Беркли [ California, University of] (1967-86). Лауреат Нобелевской премии 1964 по физике за работы в области квантовой электроники, приведшие к созданию генераторов и усилителей, основанных на принципе мазера - лазера (совместно с А. М. Прохоровым и Н. Г. Басовым)English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Townes, Charles Hard
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3 Charles Hard Townes Award
Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Charles Hard Townes Award
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4 Electronics and information technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Byron, Ada AugustaNapier, JohnRiche, Gaspard-Clair-François-MarieSchickhard, WilhelmBiographical history of technology > Electronics and information technology
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5 Таунс Чарльз Хард
Charles Hard TownesДополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > Таунс Чарльз Хард
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6 Чарльз Хард Таунс
Charles Hard TownesДополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > Чарльз Хард Таунс
См. также в других словарях:
Townes,Charles Hard — Townes (tounz), Charles Hard. Born 1915. American physicist. He shared a 1964 Nobel Prize for developing the maser and laser principles of producing high intensity radiation. * * * … Universalium
Townes , Charles Hard — (1915–) American physicist Born in Greenville, South Carolina, Townes was educated at Furman and Duke universities in his home state and at the California Institute of Technology, where he obtained his PhD in 1939. He worked at the Bell Telephone … Scientists
Townes, Charles Hard — ▪ American physicist born July 28, 1915, Greenville, S.C., U.S. American physicist, joint winner with the Soviet physicists Aleksandr M. Prokhorov (Prokhorov, Aleksandr Mikhaylovich) and Nikolay G. Basov (Basov, Nikolay Gennadiyevich) of the… … Universalium
Townes, Charles Hard — ► (1915 99) Físico estadounidense. Fue premio Nobel de Física en 1964, compartido con N. G. Basov y A. M. Prochorov, por sus trabajos sobre electrónica cuántica y sobre el principio del láser y máser … Enciclopedia Universal
Charles Hard Townes — Born July 28, 1915 (1915 07 28) (age 96) Greenville South Carolina Residence Unit … Wikipedia
Charles Hard Townes — Charles H. Townes, 1964 Charles Hard Townes (* 28. Juli 1915 in Greenville/South Carolina) ist ein US amerikanischer Physiker und Nobelpreisträger. Inhaltsverzeichnis … Deutsch Wikipedia
Charles Hard Townes — Charles Townes Charles Hard Townes (né le 28 juillet 1915) est un physicien et enseignant américain, lauréat du prix Nobel de physique en 1964 et du Prix Templeton en 2005. Townes est connu pour ses travaux sur la théorie et les applications du… … Wikipédia en Français
Charles Hard Townes — Estatua del Dr. Charles Hard Townes en Greenville (Carolina del Sur) … Wikipedia Español
Charles Hard Townes — noun United States physicist who developed the laser and maser principles for producing high intensity radiation (1915 ) • Syn: ↑Townes, ↑Charles Townes • Hypernyms: ↑physicist … Useful english dictionary
Townes — Charles Hard … Scientists
Townes — Townes, Charles Hard … Enciclopedia Universal